Writing and Composotion 4
Introduction
This
paper argues why West Papua Region (WPR) should still be integrated to the NKRI
because of two reasons, namely politics and history. Through history can be
seen that what happened in WPR in before 2014 such as various of conflicts,
murder, human rights violations. Essentially what have made WPR is still so far
from peacefulness like above is not about welfare there, the main cause is
about region's sabotage that is done out by the Government of the Republic of
Indonesia to the Netherlands (Youth pledge – New York Agreement – Pepera). The
long fora have been done by Indonesia in order to keep WPR in NKRI or it could
be referred to retake WPR from colonists. The role politics plays a role among
developed countries in fighting WPR from Indonesia, such as Netherlands,
America (Freeport), and England (BP).
At the time we look back
what actually happened in WPR before 2014, we commonly do bad things, who are
most of us just letting WPR will separate from NKRI, it is really like a
nightmare. As Indonesian citizens who love the homeland, we should be obeyed the promises of independence on Augustn17, 1945, one
of which is to protect all the people of Indonesia and the entire country of
Indonesia. Indonesia without WPR is like a body without heart. The future of
Indonesia depends on WPR. If WPR really separates from Indonesia, it might be
the other cities will follow it. Indonesia may slowly be destroyed and ended in
the formation of island states. The thing can not happen, therefore here in my
paper, I will state two arguments and three solutions to make WPR will always be in NKRI ever
after.
Body
The bulk of reasons
1.
History
Long before PEPERA in 1969, WPR has become a legitimate part of the NKRI. The
principle of Uti Possedetis Juris was
recognized in international law and had been widely practiced in many
countries. This principle basically stated that border the former colonies are
then independent, following the country's borders before independence. By
corollary, WPR automatically
switches the status of a part of the current territory of the Republic of
Indonesia since the proclamation of August 17, 1945. Thing as it was also
supported by speech voiced by Bung Karno in Papua.
Bung Karno's speech in Kota Baru, Jayapura, on May 4, 1963:
“Indonesian
homeland was all the territory that was colonized by the Dutch, who once
called the Dutch East Indies, who first called Nederlands Indië. That's the
territory of the Republic of Indonesia....”
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Therefore WPR Main Problem was not welfare, but the problem was sabotage region conducted by the Government of the
Republic of Indonesia against Netherlands. WPR was one area that had been prepared Dutch Decolonization to Independence in
the future as some areas in the Pacific, such as Australia, Papua New Guinea,
Fiji, Vanuatu, etc. The factors that lead to the Netherland must go back to WPR.
In its implementation as it had been mentioned above that the Netherlands had not been willing to release WPR to be independence. The Netherlands wanted to make Western New Guinea as a separate country, by
reason of there were
ethnic differences. Besides the Netherland's reluctance in
releasing WPR also due to there was its government center in Hollandia (Jayapura) which was
the topography was
very similar to the Netherland
north coast. The unwillingness of the Netherlands in releasing the WPR
which then brings the
political status of WPR had to come a long way in various fora, such as: KMB, New
York Agreement, Pepera etc, and finalizing the UN General Assembly on 19
November 1969. Started with the diplomacy ways till violence ways, both of them are taken.
a.
The
diplomacy way:
Linggarjati Agreement (1947), Renville Agreement (1948), Round Table
Conference (1949).
b.
The
violence way (military operation):
Trikora (Tri Komando Rakyat, 1961), Komando Mandala (1962).
c.
The
diplomacy way that asks a help from Amerika.
The plan of bunker (1962), UNTEA (1962), New York Agreement (1963),
UNTEA (1962), PEPERA (1969).
The long fora had been passed by Indonesia in order to want retake
Papua to NKRI. Time, energy, thoughts, victim, money of the services from the
heroes had
been given in order to keep intact the regions of NKRI since the proclamation
of Indonesia independence till now. Youth Pledge (On October 28, 1928) was
authentic evidence that there
were so many Indonesian want to have independence. Youth
Pledge was the birth process was the result of a hard struggle for hundreds of years
the people who wereunder occupation line or oppressed under the rule of
the colonialists, the conditions of oppression was then pushed the spirit of the youth at the time
determined in order to raise the dignity of the Indonesian people,
determination that was the commitment to the struggle of Indonesian achieved
independence 17 years later, on the date of August 17, 1945. Started from KMB till New York Agreement were facts that Indonesian seriously wanted to maintain all the regions of NKRI.
As the implementation of the New York Agreement was officially Netherlands submitted West Papua Region to
UNTEA. Then on May 1, 1963, PBB submitted WPRto Indonesia. Bung Karno's struggle finally paid off.
On August 15, 1962, Indonesia and Netherlands signed the New York Agreement
facilitated by PBB.
Government takeover of WPR by UNTEA was recorded in General Assembly Resolution
of PBB1752
on September 21, 1962. Therefore on October 1, 1962 was officially done
transfer of power from Netherlands Government to UNTEA. On December 31, 1962
finally the flag of the Netherlands territory was lowered from WPR and instead of it the Indonesia flag was hoisted side
with the flag of PBB (UNTEA).
2.
Politics
The role politics plays a role among developed
countries in fighting WPR from Indonesia, such as Netherlands, Germany, America (Freeport), and England (BP). Then who will be
the powerful nations, it will be the winners.
a. Netherlands, Germany, England
Since 1866, Papua Island was divided in three colonial
European countries, namely: Netherlands, English, and Germany. East part of the
island of Papua that was by European nations known as Papua New Guinea occupied
by Germany and the UK. After going through the PBB / Trust Territory of New
Guinea both regions, then entrusted to Australia and the administration put together in the Territory of
Papua New Guinea. While the western part Papua Island by the Europeans who were
more commonly known by the name of West Papua controlled by Netherland and
named Netherland New Guinea.
Through the article entitled “Dont use your data as
pillow” whose written by Eben S.Kersey could be known that in 1998 England also participated as
colonialist to take WPR from NKRI like other developed countries. The way
England took WPR through British Petroleoum (BP). BP played the sly way in order to influence WPR to get their
own independence.
BP’s
slay way was, namely creating conflicts among TNI, Militer (Police), and OPM
(WPR’s separatist movement). The sly way had succeed influence WPR to separate
from NKRI.
b.
Amerika
(Freeport)
Through Trikora and Komando Mandala, Indonesian still
could not fight against Netherlands. It was caused Netherlands had been more sophisticated equipment. Netherlands
lowered Parent Karel Doorman ship that had sank Yosudarso Ship. Finally,
Sukarno decided to find another way to knock out the Netherlands in Papua.
Sukarno sought help from the president of the United
States to mediate the power struggle between Indonesia and Netherland. After
that John. F. Kennedy
was willing to help by providing a requisite. Its requisite is that Indonesia
should allow America to plant a stake in WPR. If WPR could ultimately controlled by Indonesia and
Indonesia then willing.
Therefore, America sent former of an America ambassador India as a mediator
between Indonesia and Netherlands. His name was Mr. Elsworht Bunker. After Papua to be independence,
Indonesia done its appointment to America, finally Employment Contract PT.
Freeport was signed in 1967 (before the 1969 referendum).
Conclusion
The bulk of solutions
After WPR absolutely came back to NKRI since on May 1, 1963 till 1998, WPR was still not acquire the promises of the whole Indonesia
independence. According to an article whose written by Eben S.Kersey entitled
"Dont use your data as pillow", can be seen that the condition in
Papua is still not safe, there are still a lot of conflict,
violence, and murder. Eben who is a researcher from America managed to find the
cause of the conflict in WPR over the years and the cause of all the violence that
is caused by foreign nations vying for control of natural resources in WPR by
using all ways. Through print and electronic media also provides the condition
in WPR same as Eben wrote. Here, there are provided three
solutions to solve peacefulness that still happens in WPR which is caused by
colonialist and rogue elements are not responsible.
- The Indonesian government should be more intense supervise and regulate the use of APBD funds for the right target.
Many assumptions sprung up that "Indonesia does not want welfare WPR, Indonesia just wants to take its natural resources.” Before judging
Indonesia like the statement, needs to be known APBD funds already granted by
Indonesia in WPR
annually always on is given without absent.
APBD funds are provided by the central government to improve
infrastructure. But in fact at all the infrastructures are still not showing improvement toward a better than
ever. Therefore, the Indonesian government should be more intense supervise and
regulate the use of APBD funds for the right target, which can actually fix the
infrastructure. The central government should immediately make regulations in
overseeing the APBD funds, because soon the world will be held throughout the
free market where companies or employers could freely in and out of Indonesia,
which may lead to areas of WPR will certainly be contested many countries.
2. Significant
approach to all foreign companies that are instilled stock.
Regarding the violent
conflict in WPR is
caused by BP. To open a
foreign company in in a country there is certainly regulations/permits that
must be followed (before the free market). Therefore the government should be
more intense about their coming and going of foreign companies in Indonesia
and may have someone who supervises the course of the performance of the
foreign company itself.
There should be a significant approach from the central government,
local governments of Papua, province or city to all foreign companies that are
instilled stock. Seeing the problems that occur can be seen clearly that the
source of the problem is the lack of supervision of the government itself to
all foreign companies who are going and coming investing their stocks.
3. Indonesian government and society should (maybe a bit more) attention to Papua by using these ways, namely:
3. Indonesian government and society should (maybe a bit more) attention to Papua by using these ways, namely:
·
The
tourist’s
visit needs to be increased
·
The
presence of young Indonesia volunteers should be sent to Papua to participate welfare at WPR in all areas.
·
The
government programs not only in the center but also in the areas that need to
be welfare or isolated areas that can not be reached by the government.
·
Held
on dispersed abroad programs, also the people of WPR to various metropolitan areas, so that they can learn
and know how has been evolving era in Indonesia, which later, the people of WPR dispersed abroad when returning to WPR, WPR could make so much more prosperous.
If those things are done by one or two people will not have a
considerable impact, all parties and elements that exist in Indonesia should
work together to do and apply it.
In
my conclusion:
The Indonesian government that should be blamed for
the problems in WPR
is going from the first to the present. The lack of
supervision to the entry of foreign companies
and the lack of level review of
APBD funds. Because of those reasons causes on ultimately abused by rogue
elements irresponsible, thus causing WPR that is no longer trust with Indonesia.
The best solution is to start by fixing the roots,
namely Indonesian Government itself. It is just the surface roots, inside the
roots is the preformance Local Government of WPR. If the Government is already strong in their own
country, it is certain, Idealism and Nationalism defense against the state will
also be strong. Idealism and Papuan nationalism as it has been known to have no
more power because the Indonesian Government and the Regional Government of WPR itself which allow rogue elements are not responsible
to take over Papua.
Indonesian society itself including WPR, to support the Government, when the system of
government is correct, while if it is still not correct, Indonesian people
should move, united and strong to fight the government with a system that's all
for the sake of change better Indonesia. As already discussed in the previous
paragraph, if those things are done by one or two people will not have a
considerable impact, all parties and elements that exist in Indonesia should
work together to do and apply it.
References:
· 1.
West Papua
History (May 8 , 2014) available form
http://www.oocities.org/west_papua/history.htm
·
Pemerintah Masa
Orde Lama Orde Baru Reformasi dan Otonomi
Daerah (May 9, 2014) available form
http://ahmadseptianariando.wordpress.com/2013/06/30/pemerintahan-masa-orde-lama-orde-baru-reformasi-dan-otonomi-daerah/
·
2. Perjuangan
Kemerdekaan Indonesia (May 10, 2014) available from
http://darathree.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/perjuangan-kemerdekaan-indonesia/
·
3. Menurut Bung
Karno Papua Sudah Menjadi Nkri Walaupun Tanpa Pepera Bagian (May 10, 2014)
available from
http://politik.kompasiana.com/2012/03/16/menurut-bung-karno-papua-sudah-menjadi-nkri-walaupun-tanpa-pepera-bagian-2-447305.html
· 4.
Peranan Dunia
Internasional Dan (May 11, 2014) available from
http://widhisejarahblog.blogspot.com/2011/01/peranan-dunia-internasional-dan.html
·
5. Penentuan
Pendapat Rakyat (May 10, 2014) available form
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penentuan_Pendapat_Rakyat
· 6. Perjuangan
BangsaIndonesia Dalam (May 10, 2014) available from
http://suryaagoez.blogspot.com/2011/01/perjuangan-bangsa-indonesia-dalam.html
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